Hallmarks of cancer
Bob Weinberg’s original list:
- sustaining proliferative signaling;
- evading growth suppressors;
- enabling replicative immortality;
- activating invasion and metastasis;
- inducing angiogenesis and
- resisting cell death.
Expanded set of hallmarks of cancer:
- sustaining proliferative signaling;
- evading growth suppressors;
- avoiding immune destruction
- enabling replicative immortality;
- tumor-promoting inflammation
- activating invasion and metastasis;
- inducing angiogenesis
- genome instability and mutation
- resisting cell death
- deregulating cellular energetics
Questions
- Give examples for each hallmark and how it can be used for developing therapies.
- What is the major criticism of such a list of hallmarks in the context of cancer?